| Croix de guerre des théâtres d’opérations extérieures | |
|---|---|
French Croix de Guerre des Théatres d'Opérations Extérieures |
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| Awarded by France | |
| Type | Medal |
| Awarded for | Military duty during Overseas operation, mentioned in Despatches give the importance of the vet role |
| Status | Open |
| Statistics | |
| Established | 30 April 1921 |
| Precedence | |
| Next (higher) | Croix de guerre 1939-1945 |
| Next (lower) | Croix de la Valeur Militaire |
Ribbon bar of the French croix de guerre des théâtres d’opérations extérieures |
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The Croix de guerre des théâtres d’opérations extérieures is a French medal rewarded for military service in foreign countries. It is granted to individuals who have received citations for their actions while engaged in military service overseas.
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The Armistice of November 11, 1918 ended the war between France and Germany, but French soldiers continued fighting in theaters outside metropolitan France. Combat operations continued in Syria, Palestine, Constantinople, Morocco, French West Africa and French Equatorial Africa.
A law was passed on April 30, 1921, creating a new so-called Croix de guerre for "Théâtres d'opérations extérieurs" (TOE). It was intended to commemorate the individual citations awarded, during operations carried out since November 11, 1918 or that would occur in the future, for war service characterized directly related to the expedition. The details of the award were the same as that of 1914 - 1918.
Subsequently, the Croix de Guerre TOE was awarded for actions in Indochina, Madagascar, Korea, and the Suez Crisis.
After a hiatus of thirty-five years, it was again awarded for actions between 17 January 1991 and 5 May 1992, for the 15,000 French troops who took part in the liberation of Kuwait during the Gulf War (Order of Minister of Defense of 17 January 1991 ). It was also extended to military operations conducted in Kosovo in 1999.
Bronze Cross Pattée 37 mm across, with four arms, with between these two crossed swords, points upward. Engraved by the sculptor Albert Bartholome.
On the obverse in a circular medallion, the effigy of the Republic wearing a cap decorated with a laurel wreath, surrounded by a ring bearing the legend: "RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE".
On the reverse: in a circular medallion the inscription: "THÉÂTRES D'OPÉRATIONS EXTÉRIEURS".
Citations: Same as the Croix de guerre 1914-1918.
The procedure for granting the Croix de Guerre TOE are of substantially the same as those governing the Croix de Guerre 1914-1918 the citations for the entire armed forces are made by the Minister of Defense unless this authority has been specially delegated to the commanding general of expeditionary forces.
La Croix de Guerre TOE is awarded to the military and civilians who have been granted because of war, an individual citation during operations on the operational theaters:
Regarding the Navy, the various citations may be awarded, subject to the required authority, by a naval officers in the following commands:
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